Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. It is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.

• Physical: Hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, irregular periods, weight gain, sleep disturbances, thinning hair, dry skin, and decreased bone density.
• Emotional and Cognitive: Mood swings, depression, anxiety, memory issues, and fatigue.
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HRT is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replenishing estrogen and, in some cases, progesterone levels that decline during menopause.

• Oral Tablets: Taken by mouth, providing systemic hormone levels.
• Transdermal Patches: Applied to the skin, releasing hormones steadily.
• Topical Gels and Creams: Applied to the skin, allowing for localized hormone absorption.
• Vaginal Creams, Rings, and Tablets: Specifically for treating vaginal symptoms.
• Hormone Pellets: Implanted under the skin, releasing hormones over time.
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HRT is generally safe for most women when used under medical supervision. However, it carries some risks, including an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to mitigate these risks.

• Women with a history of breast cancer, uterine cancer, blood clots, or stroke.
• Women with liver disease or uncontrolled high blood pressure.
• Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant.
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Dosage is personalized based on individual hormone levels, symptoms, and overall health. A healthcare provider will adjust the dosage to ensure it is effective and minimizes side effects.

Some women may begin to notice improvements in symptoms within a few weeks, while others may take several months. Regular follow-ups help track progress and adjust treatment as needed.

HRT can be used long-term, but the risks and benefits must be regularly evaluated by a healthcare provider. The goal is to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary.

• Common Side Effects: Bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, nausea, and mood changes.
• Serious Side Effects: Increased risk of blood clots, stroke, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Regular monitoring is essential to manage these risks.

• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients.
• Regular Exercise: Maintaining physical activity to support bone health, mood, and weight management.
• Stress Management: Practicing stress-reducing techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises.
• Adequate Sleep: Ensuring sufficient and quality sleep each night.

Regular follow-up appointments are typically scheduled every few months initially to monitor hormone levels and symptoms. The frequency may decrease over time as the treatment stabilizes.

Some women may experience a return of menopausal symptoms after stopping HRT. It's important to work with a healthcare provider to gradually taper off the treatment if necessary.